The Chaldean empire

The Chaldean's settled in the south east of Mesopotamia  in 1000 B.C but were taken over by the Assyrians. They never complied with the Assyrians. So when the Assyrians were fighting among each other. A king decided to reclaim his kingdom. He lead a revolt and than the empire died. Making The Chaldean's rulers. The new king rebuilt Babylon and made it a great city and capital. It also had a 300 foot tall ziggurat. Many people would come to Babylon to come and look at the beauty and see ceremonies. He made large canals to make life better and easy trade. They managed the land very well for the size of the empire (it stretched to Egypt). The Chaldeans were advance in science as they were some of the first astronomers. Later on the Persians take Mesopotamia over because of week leadership.  

The Assyrian's

           The Assyrian people came about 1000 years after Hammurabi. They built a large and powerful  military. They were used to defend the hills and fertile land. In around 900 B.C they started conquering the rest of Mesopotamia. The Assyrains had 50000 men that were trained in different battle strategies and used a range of weapons. They would set crop on fire and take tribune. Causing some people to give up without a fight. They used advanced iron weapon. They ruled a massive empire which caused them to divide the empire in to provinces similar to states today. The government built roads and had people collect taxes and govern each province.  The army would protect the roads from bandits. Life was the same except that punishments were a lot harsher. Trade was very important so farming was crucial to get wood and metal resources through trade. The Assyrians ruled for 300 years until fighting broke out and Assyria feel. 

Sargon's empire

 Sargon was the leader of Akkad. Than he went to take over Sumer so he did. His empire lasted for 200 years until in 1800 B.C a leader named Hammurabi took over and put in his code of laws. He called his new empire the Babylonian empire. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. Hammurabi's code covered all points of lie. It was based on a famous quote an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth. It also protects the less powerful.

The earliest Mesopotamian civilization

The first Mesopotamian empire dating back to 3000 B.C. was the Sumerian civilization. They are known by some historians to be the earliest known civilization of human history. Along with all the other earliest civilizations they formed social classes. Since the rivers would run low and would flow over with silt they grew there crops when the time was right. Over time they learned how to build dams and to control irrigation. Because of the irrigation not everyone had to farm. Leading into new jobs as skilled workers. Now artisans would come together in areas that favored trade. Making some of the first cities,the Sumerians made the first cities in southwest Asia. Since there was large distances between each city they became independent cities not one unified country. As a result we get city-states. Each city had 5000-20000 people, each city state was protected out of a large sun dried brick wall. The city-states would go to war and trade with each other. Some city-states formed alliances to help in war. The Sumerians had a a god that would control different parts of life. The belief in more than one god is polytheism,most of Mesopotamia worshiped one or more god. They would worship in large temples called Ziggurats that were usually in the middle of the city and the tallest in the city. The Sumerians formed a writing called cuneiform. That was written by trained people called Scribes. They also made a 12 month calendar,60-second minute,60-minute hour, a 360 degree circle,and a place value system based of 60.

  

The importance of the rivers

There was two rivers that flowed through the Mesopotamian  the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. These rivers would serve as suppliers of water to aqueducts. And also to the farms of the Mesopotamian plains. Also it helped link together Mesopotamian empires through sea travel. This linked together cities from Sumer to Judea using these two thousand mile rivers. This makes Mesopotamia a very favorable place for civilization. The second function of the river was to deliver fertile silt to the fertile cresent.

The geography of the of Mespotamia.